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"The . . . sample . . . is called "Yellow Sand" and they use this for aggregate for concrete. It is a coarse sand with larger stones. This sample is . . . taken upstream of Hanoi from its own deposit." G. Foster
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" . . . in Vietnam . . . they use sand as a base course for highway construction. I was taught in school that sand is an excellent base if it can be contained. It is hard to compact though. But I have not seen sand ever used as a base course for highway construction. But in Vietnam his is normal. [This] sample is called "Black Sand" and it contains some clay which allows for it to be compacted. It is quarried upstream of Hanoi, and shipped by barge to Hanoi, and delivered to the site by large dump trucks. It is compacted with a vibratory roller and then a capping material (usually clayey dirt) is placed on top (about 9 inches) and compacted." G. Foster
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